Catherine Bolten

September 05, 2023

French officials controlled every aspect of the administration and affairs of their colonies, and declared everything and everyone in these colonies to be French: “But more as in French property. In other words, as subjects of France rather than citizens. The idea behind the insistence of the rightness and dominance of French language and French culture was for Africans to aspire to be French, but of course they could never really be French because they were black and not actually from France,” Prof. Catherine E. Bolten of the University of Notre Dame, told African Arguments.

July 31, 2023

“Niger was the West’s strongest anti-authoritarian and anti-jihadist partner in the Sahel,” Dr. Catherine Bolton, a Professor of Anthropology and Peace Studies at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, observes.